Varicose veins in the foot are a chronic change in the flow of blood, the result of the effects of mechanical, toxic, trauma or other factors.
To better understand the nature of the pathological process, you need to refer to the anatomical information.
The lower limbs are provided in two main ways:
- On artery branches.They carry oxygen -rich blood, only providing cells with useful compounds.
- Through veins.Carbon dioxide tolerance and unnecessary substances to handle, in the opposite movement of blood from the structures and veins involved.
It should be noted that different types of blood vessels are not connected or reported, the systems are completely closed.
Blood through the veins moves strictly in one direction.The muscle layer in these structures is quite weak, all the work falls into special valves.They are like partitions, doors do not cross the liquid tissue in the opposite direction from the application.
In the context of increased venous pressure, injury, damage and other factors, weak valves.The blood moved again, the load on the walls of the blood vessels increased.Vienna wore out many times faster.
According to mechanical effects, dial structures change their properties and sizes.The transformation itself begins.
This disease is characterized by the deformation of the blood vessels, reducing their functional activity, protruding like the aneurysm of the walls along the entire length.
The fluctuations are dangerous in that time leading to veins, the formation of blood clots, the death of local fabrics.Treatment should start immediately, from the time the pathological process is detected.
A characteristic feature of a disorder is a relatively unprecedented progress.The main team of the patient is men and women over 18 years old.
Although the development is relatively unprecedented, this disease cannot be predicted.Never say it at any important complications will grow.
A treating doctor is a real doctor.
Development mechanism
The pathological process is based on heterogeneous factors, if they are generalized and include a close picture, the options will be as follows:
Mechanical effects
Increase physical activity on foot veins.It is found, for example, with intensive sports.More common options are features of professional activity (construction houses, teachers, chefs and others suffered), increasing body weight, because the load on the legs increases.
There are all opportunities to overcome the disease process in time.The main thing is to eliminate abnormal elements.
Injury injury of surrounding tissues
Not the veins, but surrounding areas.The bruises of soft, muscular, ligament, partial and completely broken structures.
There are two reasons for the development of varicose veins: compressing blood vessels with changing tissues, nor unevenly distributed the load in the lower limbs.
Interestingly, the culprit of the vein can also be diseases of the skeletal system: arthritis and similar.
Feet
This refers to the external influence.Violating blood flow often stimulates patients with their unreasonable actions.
For example, wearing tight pants or affected socks.Especially similarly women are willing to put into shares of health in pursuing beauty.
When compressing the legs of the area, under the compression position, it is subject to stagnant processes.Varava flows are significantly disturbed.This leads to rapidly progressive vasodilic veins.
There are cases when the pathology starts later, many years later from negative effects.
Violation of hormonal balance
Disorders of production of substances of the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands are affected.
Changes can affect other compounds: Hormone of reproductive system, androgen, estrogen.They partially adjust the melody of large vessels, veins and arteries.
Genetic characteristics
History of transmission, according to research, plays the main role in the development process of the pathology.This is not an activation, but it is a clear premise that increases the probability many times.
Of course, the presence of a relative with intravenous veins is not the guarantee of the development of the pathology, but the probability is significantly higher.
It is necessary to comply with preventive rules to minimize risks.
Hypovitaminosis
For normal work, it is necessary to regenerate veins, arteries, ascorbic acids.In addition, vitamins of groups B, E, D. can not have the normal recovery of blood vessels without them.They wear quickly, loss of their previous elasticity.
If the shortage lasts long enough, from a few months, it is not avoided from veins.
The disease grows faster than usual, progressing into a clear, dangerous period only takes a few months, a few years.
Innovative vessel abnormal
The point of view, as a rule, does not develop in isolation.Other deviations can be found.Therefore, diagnosis is not a problem.
Natural state
Pregnancy, serious birth, characteristics of hormones in teenagers or closer to older age.
There are other less common mechanisms.For example, poisoning, contact with the body of radiation and others.The most common is named.
Varicose veins are a disease characterized by a deviation system: vein deformation, the formation of aneurysm, star, thinning the inner lining.The influence of a group of pathogens is possible.
Classify
Methods of the unit related to the stage of the pathology, its form.About everything in order.
Technology passed in medicine distinguishes three levels of development of the disease:
- Compensation.Such symptoms are absent, the patient does not make any complaints about health.The pathological process when starting to grow.But there have been visible signs: the veins dilate through the thickness of the skin.For many years, violations will go to a new stage.
- Subcomporkation.The clinical signs of varicose veins are clearly shown.Among them, you can distinguish pain, severity in your legs, the feeling of running goosebumps, weakness, convulsions at night.After resting, they came in vain.The visible expression is also present.You can diagnose without any problems.
- Unsightly.In addition to the mentioned, supplemented symptoms: numbness, loss of sensitivity, common skin rash, itching and continuous burning of damage.
There are real risks of tissue necrosis and thrombosis.The treatment is urgent, if not - not overcome disability.
Stand
There is an international typing, commonly accepted for pathological processes in the stages (class):
- 0. The visible symptoms of disorders are minimal.The patient talks about the severity of the lower limbs.This stage can last indefinitely.
- 1. Stars formed on the foot surface, the veins are expanding and becoming clear.The clinic is the same.Maximum - The episodes of night seizures develop, are quickly and suddenly interrupted when they start.
- 2. Clinical signs are identical.With an intuitive assessment of the lower limbs, the doctor shows different changes that can be seen from the veins: they branch, protruding, forming complex deformations.
- 3. From this stage, the pronunciation edema begins.
- 4. The rash appears, itching dermatitis.The skin on the surface of the lesion changes the shade into darkness, compact and significantly dry.It becomes thin, because any mechanical effects cause pain and deep comb.
- 5. Small construction appears.
- 6. Complete Trophic ulcers are developing.
To completely form the pathological process, from 0 to the 6th stage, it takes several decades.
Symptom
Clinical images depend on the stage of disorders.If you present a list of average manifestations, the list will be as follows:
- Feet.In particular, after a mechanical load, a long -term working day.Walking, standing in a place becomes a problem.Over time, the symptoms are enhanced, showing the progression of violations and allowing you to doubt varicose veins at a very early stage.
- Physical activity is intolerant.At first, the patient could not walk for a long time, then stood.If you start a disorder, it will only get worse.A person will not be able to climb the stairs without a long break or rest.This is due to the stagnation of venous lymphoma in expanded veins.
- The pain of different intensity.In the early stages of absence.Then, after a few months or years, the severity of the expression is increasing.Feeling stupid, uncomfortable began.
They strengthen after physical activity, with a strong change in body position.
According to the end stage of the disease, symptoms are still continuous for patients, completely not disappearing. - Visual changes from ships.They look like abnormal branching, the formation of stars on their feet.These manifestations clearly indicate the beginning of varicose veins.Therefore, diagnosis over time is becoming easier.It is still only to clarify the localization of changes and their level.
- Swelling.They started gradually, approximately the second or third phase of the pathology.First - to the end of the day.Passed after a night of rest.After that, the changes in volume are conserved continuously, completely not over.As a rule, the first signs related, then the other leg.
- Cramps in the dark.Violation of muscles and cramps, is one of the first signs of varicose veins, due to slow down in venous lymphatic flow, tissue and cell respiration.
CrampThey won at night, accompanied by very serious pain.Patients cannot stand on their feet affected during the day, or even some.Gradually, the frequency of spasms became higher.
- Itchy skin.An alarm of varicose veins, characterized by gradual dysplasia.At the initial stage of erosion, no ulcer.But this is a matter of time.
- Change the nuance of the dermis.Increased pigmentation.The darkness of the skin surface.Closer to the final stage of the pathology, the lower legs have a rich raspberry color.
A typical symptom of varicose veins of the lower limbs is the seal of the skin above the lesions, related to the scars of the tissue under the surface of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
- The formation of the rash.Therefore, varicose veins.This is an omen of the final stage of the pathological process.The small papules are very itchy, they do not allow patients to live normally.Complications are possible, secondary infections of the wound surface.
- Trophic ulcer.A clinical sign, characterized by a large erosion formation, the focus of tissue decay.First - superficial, then fat.And there is no necrotic.Therefore, you can not entail treatment.
Symptoms of varicose veins are caused by weak tissue campaigns, venous venous flow disorders, epidermal destruction and subcutaneous fat.
Clinical signs progress slowly, because there are all opportunities to start timely treatment.The patient's mission is not an important point.
Application experts need to contact - Phlebologist, Dermatologist, Hematologist.
Reason
Development fluctuations are the result of a combination of factors or influences of a person, but a provocative person is very intense.
There are some options:
- Physical activity.Walking long, standing still.Usually, such a moment is associated with the features of professional and lifestyle activities.
- Injury.Fracture, full or part.Also bruising, damage to soft tissues.
- Hypovitaminosis.The lack of substances of group B, E, D, ascorbic acid.
- Genetic factors.Genetic moments, family history burden.The ability of a pathological process to increase, but nothing guarantees that this disease will begin.
- Myosites on the background of lower body, physical overload.
- Arthritis.Arthritis.
- Hormonal imbalance.Deficiency or excess of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland.
- Flebitis of the foot circuits.The cause of varicose veins in the inflammation of the veins is infected or non -raw.
- Vascular inflammation of the vessels of the lower limbs.Autoimmune damage.
- Pregnant.Because the hormone changes and loads on the foot, the entire musculoskeletal system, develops.
- Perthetic period.Up to about 17-20 years.
- Menopausa (Andropauza).Klimax.The gradual decline of reproductive function.
The causes of varicose veins may be trauma, inflammation, degeneration, and nourishment.
Diagnose
Flebologists are participating in the test.Only later, if necessary, other experts are connected.Among the methods:
- Oral survey.The doctor must understand what the patient himself makes.
- Hanging -up collection.Research on the origin of the problem.
- Visual assessment of the state of the foot.On the basis, there is an opportunity to study the nature of the pathology, its characteristics.
- Pearl.Physical techniques.
- Uzdg.Dopplerography of leg ships.Allows you to detect anatomical changes from the lower limbs, the deviation of blood flow.Used as the main method.It makes it possible to quickly make diagnosis and study the level of disorder.
- X -ray.If there is such a need.
- In extremely difficult cases, the doctor prescribes MRI.
The development of varicose veins on the leg is a sufficient sign, the visual characteristics of the veins of the lower limbs, it can be diagnosed on it.Next, it is still to determine the severity of the pathology.
Treatment
Therapy in the first phase is conservative.In total, three approaches for adjustment can be distinguished.
Medicine.It involves systematic drug use.The vehicles are regulated to stimulate microcirculation, blood flow, valve, and protect the vessels from tissue destruction.
Among the money groups:
- Venotonics.
- Angioprotector.
- Vitamins, antioxidants.
In addition, physical therapy, exercise therapy, massage are prescribed positive, wearing compressed knit is displayed.
A conservative technique is used in the initial stages of the disease or to adjust auxiliary in other leading methods.
A minimally invasive approach.Treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs associated with the destruction of affected vessels by using a special, liquid nitrogen.
The method of hardening therapy, or cutting radio frequency is used in marked stages, but not important stages of the disease.
Surgical method.Treatment of varicose veins on the leg requires laser, current or direct removal of affected circuits - surgery to remove.
The doctor eliminates half of the structure, sewing the end of healthy areas, forming anastomosis.Very early, the blood flow is restored.
There are some operating techniques.The choice remains with a doctor.
Forecast
The veins on the legs are completely cured in the first three stages, then there are risks of complications, irreversible changes in leg tissues: ulcers, muscle atrophy and others.Although the survival rate is still nearly 100%.
In the context of necrosis, common erosion, hemorrhage infection, probability of death increased by ten times.
In general, the disease is well treated.
Prevent
The prevention measures are very simple, the main thing is to strictly follow them:
- Partition.Every hour or two you need to crush.Especially with a sitting/standing lifestyle.
- Wear comfortable shoes, socks, tight pants.It is best from natural materials.
- Use compressed knitting.
- Light physical activity.Swimming, running.The main thing is not overloaded.
- Appropriate nutrition.More vitamin products.
- Optimal oral diet.1.5-2 liters per day.
The lack of liquids has negative effects, thicker blood, worse moving through the vessels, the pressure in the venous network increases.
Consequence
Complications can be deadly.Of the options:
- Mechanical dysplasia.
- Paresis.Lost partial sensitivity
- The formation of ulcers with the probability of secondary infection.
- Fabric necrosis.Gangren.Especially with the failure of deep veins.
- Bombosis of foot and thrombosis.
- Blood infection.Blood poisoning.
- Disability.
The varicose veins of the lower limbs are a change in the pathology of shape, structure, elasticity of the legs of the leg (and not only) with the loss of muscle functions.
The disease develops slowly, but does not treat quality, the results will be blamed.